Andrew Goodwin

There is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals, which illustrate, amplify or contradicts the lyrics.

Thought beats: seeing the sounds (the relationship between the music and the visuals.

Genre related style and iconography present.

Multiple close-ups of the main artist or vocalist. The creation of the star image to promote a recognisable brand image.

Voyeurism often plays a major part, especially with females. There are voyeuristic views of women.

Inter-textual references to other media texts may be present, especially in humorous videos.